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Social Anxiety Disorder

  • 1 Social anxiety disorder

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Social anxiety disorder

  • 2 social anxiety disorder

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > social anxiety disorder

  • 3 Social Anxiety Disorder

    Physiology: SAD

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Social Anxiety Disorder

  • 4 disorder

    اِضْطِرَاب \ agitation: being agitated; agitating. confusion: disorder; misunderstanding: The thieves left the room in a state of confusion. There was some confusion about the time of meeting; that’s why I was late. disorder: lack of order: My accounts were in disorder. disturbance: sth. that disturbs the public peace: Some students caused a disturbance in the street. mess: a state of dirt or disorder; confusion: Tell the boys to clear up the mess in this room. It’s in a terrible mess. Your accounts are in a mess, you’ll have to organize them properly. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. uproar: loud confused activity or noise made by excited people, etc.. upset: an act of upsetting: the complete upset of all our plans; a stomach upset. \ See Also فوضى (فَوْضَى)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > disorder

  • 5 F93.0

    рус Тревожное расстройство у детей, вызванное разлукой
    eng Separation anxiety disorder of childhood. Should be diagnosed when fear of separation constitutes the focus of the anxiety and when such anxiety first arose during the early years of childhood. It is differentiated from normal separation anxiety when it is of a degree (severity) that is statistically unusual (including an abnormal persistence beyond the usual age period), and when it is associated with significant problems in social functioning. (Excludes: ) mood (affective) disorders ( F30-F39), neurotic disorders ( F40-F48). phobic anxiety disorder of childhood ( F93.l), social anxiety disorder of childhood ( F93.2)

    Classification of Diseases (English-Russian) > F93.0

  • 6 F93.2

    рус Социальное тревожное расстройство в детском возрасте
    eng Social anxiety disorder of childhood. In this disorder there is a wariness of strangers and social apprehension or anxiety when encountering new, strange, or socially threatening situations. This category should be used only where such fears arise during the early years, and are both unusual in degree and accompanied by problems in social functioning. Avoidant disorder of childhood or adolescence

    Classification of Diseases (English-Russian) > F93.2

  • 7 SAD

    1) Общая лексика: single administration document
    2) Компьютерная техника: Strategic Accelerator Design
    3) Американизм: Single Administrative Document
    6) Техника: safety and arming device, safety and assessment department, safety assurance diagram, ship acoustics department, solar array drive, supply air duct, systems automation division, systems, assistant director
    7) Религия: Soul Assassin Demon
    8) Юридический термин: Stoned And Drugged, Summons Alert Days
    9) Бухгалтерия: Surprise And Delight
    10) Грубое выражение: Sexy Angelic Diva
    11) Оптика: selected area diffraction
    12) Сокращение: Safe & Arm Device, Scenario Authoring Device (Netherlands), Single Awareness Day, Site Air Defence, Situation Awareness Display, Socrates Action Day, Submarine Anomaly Detector, Swallow Arrival Day, simple, average or difficult, САР (Сезонное аффективное расстройство (seasonal affective disorder)
    13) Университет: Students Affairs Department
    15) Электроника: Silicone Avalanche Diode
    16) Вычислительная техника: Serial Analog Delay
    17) Пищевая промышленность: Standard American Diet
    18) Фирменный знак: Sadi S. p. A., Stone Age Designs
    19) Образование: Silly And Disruptive
    20) Сетевые технологии: Smart Ack Dropper
    21) Программирование: Systems Analysis And Design
    22) Безопасность: Security Association Database

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > SAD

  • 8 Sad

    1) Общая лексика: single administration document
    2) Компьютерная техника: Strategic Accelerator Design
    3) Американизм: Single Administrative Document
    6) Техника: safety and arming device, safety and assessment department, safety assurance diagram, ship acoustics department, solar array drive, supply air duct, systems automation division, systems, assistant director
    7) Религия: Soul Assassin Demon
    8) Юридический термин: Stoned And Drugged, Summons Alert Days
    9) Бухгалтерия: Surprise And Delight
    10) Грубое выражение: Sexy Angelic Diva
    11) Оптика: selected area diffraction
    12) Сокращение: Safe & Arm Device, Scenario Authoring Device (Netherlands), Single Awareness Day, Site Air Defence, Situation Awareness Display, Socrates Action Day, Submarine Anomaly Detector, Swallow Arrival Day, simple, average or difficult, САР (Сезонное аффективное расстройство (seasonal affective disorder)
    13) Университет: Students Affairs Department
    15) Электроника: Silicone Avalanche Diode
    16) Вычислительная техника: Serial Analog Delay
    17) Пищевая промышленность: Standard American Diet
    18) Фирменный знак: Sadi S. p. A., Stone Age Designs
    19) Образование: Silly And Disruptive
    20) Сетевые технологии: Smart Ack Dropper
    21) Программирование: Systems Analysis And Design
    22) Безопасность: Security Association Database

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Sad

  • 9 sad

    1) Общая лексика: single administration document
    2) Компьютерная техника: Strategic Accelerator Design
    3) Американизм: Single Administrative Document
    6) Техника: safety and arming device, safety and assessment department, safety assurance diagram, ship acoustics department, solar array drive, supply air duct, systems automation division, systems, assistant director
    7) Религия: Soul Assassin Demon
    8) Юридический термин: Stoned And Drugged, Summons Alert Days
    9) Бухгалтерия: Surprise And Delight
    10) Грубое выражение: Sexy Angelic Diva
    11) Оптика: selected area diffraction
    12) Сокращение: Safe & Arm Device, Scenario Authoring Device (Netherlands), Single Awareness Day, Site Air Defence, Situation Awareness Display, Socrates Action Day, Submarine Anomaly Detector, Swallow Arrival Day, simple, average or difficult, САР (Сезонное аффективное расстройство (seasonal affective disorder)
    13) Университет: Students Affairs Department
    15) Электроника: Silicone Avalanche Diode
    16) Вычислительная техника: Serial Analog Delay
    17) Пищевая промышленность: Standard American Diet
    18) Фирменный знак: Sadi S. p. A., Stone Age Designs
    19) Образование: Silly And Disruptive
    20) Сетевые технологии: Smart Ack Dropper
    21) Программирование: Systems Analysis And Design
    22) Безопасность: Security Association Database

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > sad

  • 10 социальная фобия

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > социальная фобия

  • 11 социальное тревожное расстройство

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > социальное тревожное расстройство

  • 12 ansiedad

    f.
    1 anxiety.
    con ansiedad anxiously
    2 nervous tension (Psi).
    * * *
    1 anxiety
    2 MEDICINA nervous tension
    \
    con ansiedad anxiously
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=preocupación) anxiety, worry
    2) (Med) anxiety, nervous tension
    * * *
    a) ( preocupación) anxiety
    b) (Med, Psic) anxiety
    * * *
    = anxiety, stress, distress, solicitude.
    Ex. There is a concern that when presented too many information options, the individual begins to avoid being informed, and to relieve the anxiety, makes an uninformed decision.
    Ex. Flexibility of course does not mean that the structure is flexible and will bend or move under stress.
    Ex. The reason for his distress seemed to have been twofold: he derived comfort from reading the roll and he would have found it very embarassing to admit at the end of his journey that he had lost it.
    Ex. There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    ----
    * aliviar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * ansiedad causada por la tecnología = technostress.
    * ansiedad en el trabajo = job anxiety, work anxiety.
    * ansiedad provocada por la biblioteca = library anxiety.
    * ansiedad social = social anxiety.
    * aplacar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * ataque de ansiedad = panic attack, anxiety attack.
    * calmar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * causar ansiedad = cause + anxiety.
    * con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.
    * contra la ansiedad = anti-anxiety.
    * esperado durante tiempo y con ansiedad = long-and-expectantly-awaited.
    * esperar con ansiedad = hope for, hold + Posesivo + breath.
    * esperar con ansiedad (+ Infinitivo) = look forward to (+ Gerundio).
    * que produce ansiedad = anxiety-producing.
    * sensación de ansiedad = sinking feeling.
    * sentir ansiedad = feel + anxiety.
    * síndrome de ansiedad = anxiety disorder.
    * trastorno de ansiedad = anxiety disorder, panic disorder.
    * * *
    a) ( preocupación) anxiety
    b) (Med, Psic) anxiety
    * * *
    = anxiety, stress, distress, solicitude.

    Ex: There is a concern that when presented too many information options, the individual begins to avoid being informed, and to relieve the anxiety, makes an uninformed decision.

    Ex: Flexibility of course does not mean that the structure is flexible and will bend or move under stress.
    Ex: The reason for his distress seemed to have been twofold: he derived comfort from reading the roll and he would have found it very embarassing to admit at the end of his journey that he had lost it.
    Ex: There were moments when he could be almost affectionate, moments when his thoughts did not seem to be turned inward upon his own anxious solicitudes.
    * aliviar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * ansiedad causada por la tecnología = technostress.
    * ansiedad en el trabajo = job anxiety, work anxiety.
    * ansiedad provocada por la biblioteca = library anxiety.
    * ansiedad social = social anxiety.
    * aplacar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * ataque de ansiedad = panic attack, anxiety attack.
    * calmar la ansiedad = allay + anxiety.
    * causar ansiedad = cause + anxiety.
    * con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.
    * contra la ansiedad = anti-anxiety.
    * esperado durante tiempo y con ansiedad = long-and-expectantly-awaited.
    * esperar con ansiedad = hope for, hold + Posesivo + breath.
    * esperar con ansiedad (+ Infinitivo) = look forward to (+ Gerundio).
    * que produce ansiedad = anxiety-producing.
    * sensación de ansiedad = sinking feeling.
    * sentir ansiedad = feel + anxiety.
    * síndrome de ansiedad = anxiety disorder.
    * trastorno de ansiedad = anxiety disorder, panic disorder.

    * * *
    1 (preocupación) anxiety
    esperábamos con ansiedad alguna noticia sobre su paradero we anxiously awaited news of his whereabouts
    2 ( Med, Psic) anxiety
    * * *

     

    ansiedad sustantivo femenino


    b) (Med, Psic) anxiety

    ansiedad sustantivo femenino anxiety: espera con ansiedad noticias de su hijo, she's anxiously awaiting news about her son
    ' ansiedad' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    zozobra
    English:
    anxiety
    - beside
    - bated
    - eagerly
    * * *
    1. [inquietud] anxiety;
    esperan los resultados con ansiedad they are anxiously waiting for the results
    2. Psi nervous tension
    * * *
    f anxiety
    * * *
    : anxiety
    * * *
    ansiedad n anxiety [pl. anxieties]

    Spanish-English dictionary > ansiedad

  • 13 БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

    Мы приняли следующие сокращения для наиболее часто упоминаемых книг и журналов:
    IJP - International Journal of Psycho-analysis
    JAPA - Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
    SE - Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1953—74.)
    PSOC - Psychoanalytic Study of the Child (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    PQ - Psychoanalytic Quarterly
    WAF - The Writings of Anna Freud, ed. Anna Freud (New York: International Universities Press, 1966—74)
    PMC - Psychoanalysis The Major Concepts ed. Burness E. Moore and Bernard D. Fine (New Haven: Yale University Press)
    \
    О словаре: _about - Psychoanalytic Terms and Concepts
    \
    1. Abend, S. M. Identity. PMC. Forthcoming.
    2. Abend, S. M. (1974) Problems of identity. PQ, 43.
    3. Abend, S. M., Porder, M. S. & Willick, M. S. (1983) Borderline Patients. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    4. Abraham, K. (1916) The first pregenital stage of libido. Selected Papers. London, Hogarth Press, 1948.
    5. Abraham, K. (1917) Ejaculatio praecox. In: selected Papers. New York Basic Books.
    6. Abraham, K. (1921) Contributions to the theory of the anal character. Selected Papers. New York: Basic Books, 1953.
    7. Abraham, K. (1924) A Short study of the development of the libido, viewed in the light of mental disorders. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.
    8. Abraham, K. (1924) Manic-depressive states and the pre-genital levels of the libido. In: Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1949.
    9. Abraham, K. (1924) Selected Papers. London: Hogarth Press, 1948.
    10. Abraham, K. (1924) The influence of oral erotism on character formation. Ibid.
    11. Abraham, K. (1925) The history of an impostor in the light of psychoanalytic knowledge. In: Clinical Papers and Essays on Psychoanalysis. New York: Basic Books, 1955, vol. 2.
    12. Abrams, S. (1971) The psychoanalytic unconsciousness. In: The Unconscious Today, ed. M. Kanzer. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    13. Abrams, S. (1981) Insight. PSOC, 36.
    14. Abse, D W. (1985) The depressive character In Depressive States and their Treatment, ed. V. Volkan New York: Jason Aronson.
    15. Abse, D. W. (1985) Hysteria and Related Mental Disorders. Bristol: John Wright.
    16. Ackner, B. (1954) Depersonalization. J. Ment. Sci., 100.
    17. Adler, A. (1924) Individual Psychology. New York: Harcourt, Brace.
    18. Akhtar, S. (1984) The syndrome of identity diffusion. Amer. J. Psychiat., 141.
    19. Alexander, F. (1950) Psychosomatic Medicine. New York: Norton.
    20. Allen, D. W. (1974) The Feat- of Looking. Charlottesvill, Va: Univ. Press of Virginia.
    21. Allen, D. W. (1980) Psychoanalytic treatment of the exhibitionist. In: Exhibitionist, Description, Assessment, and Treatment, ed. D. Cox. New York: Garland STPM Press.
    22. Allport, G. (1937) Personality. New York: Henry Holt.
    23. Almansi, R. J. (1960) The face-breast equation. JAPA, 6.
    24. Almansi, R. J. (1979) Scopophilia and object loss. PQ, 47.
    25. Altman, L. Z. (1969) The Dream in Psychoanalysis. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    26. Altman, L. Z. (1977) Some vicissitudes of love. JAPA, 25.
    27. American Psychiatric Association. (1987) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3d ed. revised. Washington, D. C.
    28. Ansbacher, Z. & Ansbacher, R. (1956) The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Basic Books.
    29. Anthony, E. J. (1981) Shame, guilt, and the feminine self in psychoanalysis. In: Object and Self, ed. S. Tuttman, C. Kaye & M. Zimmerman. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    30. Arlow. J. A. (1953) Masturbation and symptom formation. JAPA, 1.
    31. Arlow. J. A. (1959) The structure of the deja vu experience. JAPA, 7.
    32. Arlow. J. A. (1961) Ego psychology and the study of mythology. JAPA, 9.
    33. Arlow. J. A. (1963) Conflict, regression and symptom formation. IJP, 44.
    34. Arlow. J. A. (1966) Depersonalization and derealization. In: Psychoanalysis: A General Psychology, ed. R. M. Loewenstein, L. M. Newman, M. Schur & A. J. Solnit. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    35. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Fantasy, memory and reality testing. PQ, 38.
    36. Arlow. J. A. (1969) Unconscious fantasy and disturbances of mental experience. PQ, 38.
    37. Arlow. J. A. (1970) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 51.
    38. Arlow. J. A. (1975) The structural hypothesis. PQ, 44.
    39. Arlow. J. A. (1977) Affects and the psychoanalytic situation. IJP, 58.
    40. Arlow. J. A. (1979) Metaphor and the psychoanalytic situation. PQ, 48.
    41. Arlow. J. A. (1979) The genesis of interpretation. JAPA, 27 (suppl.).
    42. Arlow. J. A. (1982) Problems of the superego concept. PSOC, 37.
    43. Arlow. J. A. (1984) Disturbances of the sense of time. PQ, 53.
    44. Arlow. J. A. (1985) Some technical problems of countertransference. PQ, 54.
    45. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1963) Psychoanalytic Concepts and the Structural Theory, New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    46. Arlow, J. A. & Brenner, C. (1969) The psychopathology of the psychoses. IJP, 50.
    47. Asch, S. S. (1966) Depression. PSOC, 21.
    48. Asch, S. S. (1976) Varieties of negative therapeutic reactions and problems of technique. JAPA, 24.
    49. Atkins, N. (1970) The Oedipus myth. Adolescence, and the succession of generations. JAPA, 18.
    50. Atkinson, J. W. & Birch, D. (1970) The Dynamics of Action. New York: Wiley.
    51. Bachrach, H. M. & Leaff, L. A. (1978) Analyzability. JAPA, 26.
    52. Bacon, C. (1956) A developmental theory of female homosexuality. In: Perversions,ed, S. Lorand & M. Balint. New York: Gramercy.
    53. Bak, R. C. (1953) Fetishism. JAPA. 1.
    54. Bak, R. C. (1968) The phallic woman. PSOC, 23.
    55. Bak, R. C. & Stewart, W. A. (1974) Fetishism, transvestism, and voyeurism. An American Handbook of Psychiatry, ed. S. Arieti. New York: Basic Books, vol. 3.
    56. Balint, A. (1949) Love for mother and mother-love. IJP, 30.
    57. Balter, L., Lothane, Z. & Spencer, J. H. (1980) On the analyzing instrument, PQ, 49.
    58. Basch, M. F. (1973) Psychoanalysis and theory formation. Ann. Psychoanal., 1.
    59. Basch, M. F. (1976) The concept of affect. JAPA, 24.
    60. Basch, M. F. (1981) Selfobject disorders and psychoanalytic theory. JAPA, 29.
    61. Basch, M. F. (1983) Emphatic understanding. JAPA. 31.
    62. Balldry, F. Character. PMC. Forthcoming.
    63. Balldry, F. (1983) The evolution of the concept of character in Freud's writings. JAPA. 31.
    64. Begelman, D. A. (1971) Misnaming, metaphors, the medical model and some muddles. Psychiatry, 34.
    65. Behrends, R. S. & Blatt, E. J. (1985) Internalization and psychological development throughout the life cycle. PSOC, 40.
    66. Bell, A. (1961) Some observations on the role of the scrotal sac and testicles JAPA, 9.
    67. Benedeck, T. (1949) The psychosomatic implications of the primary unit. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 19.
    68. Beres, C. (1958) Vicissitudes of superego functions and superego precursors in childhood. FSOC, 13.
    69. Beres, D. Conflict. PMC. Forthcoming.
    70. Beres, D. (1956) Ego deviation and the concept of schizophrenia. PSOC, 11.
    71. Beres, D. (1960) Perception, imagination and reality. IJP, 41.
    72. Beres, D. (1960) The psychoanalytic psychology of imagination. JAPA, 8.
    73. Beres, D. & Joseph, E. D. (1965) Structure and function in psychoanalysis. IJP, 46.
    74. Beres, D. (1970) The concept of mental representation in psychoanalysis. IJP, 51.
    75. Berg, M D. (1977) The externalizing transference. IJP, 58.
    76. Bergeret, J. (1985) Reflection on the scientific responsi bilities of the International Psychoanalytical Association. Memorandum distributed at 34th IPA Congress, Humburg.
    77. Bergman, A. (1978) From mother to the world outside. In: Grolnick et. al. (1978).
    78. Bergmann, M. S. (1980) On the intrapsychic function of falling in love. PQ, 49.
    79. Berliner, B. (1966) Psychodynamics of the depressive character. Psychoanal. Forum, 1.
    80. Bernfeld, S. (1931) Zur Sublimierungslehre. Imago, 17.
    81. Bibring, E. (1937) On the theory of the therapeutic results of psychoanalysis. IJP, 18.
    82. Bibring, E. (1941) The conception of the repetition compulsion. PQ, 12.
    83. Bibring, E. (1953) The mechanism of depression. In: Affective Disorders, ed. P. Greenacre. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    84. Bibring, E. (1954) Psychoanalysis and the dynamic psychotherapies. JAPA, 2.
    85. Binswanger, H. (1963) Positive aspects of the animus. Zьrich: Spring.
    86. Bion Francesca Abingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    87. Bion, W. R. (1952) Croup dynamics. IJP, 33.
    88. Bion, W. R. (1961) Experiences in Groups. London: Tavistock.
    89. Bion, W. R. (1962) A theory of thinking. IJP, 40.
    90. Bion, W. R. (1962) Learning from Experience. London: William Heinemann.
    91. Bion, W. R. (1963) Elements of Psychoanalysis. London: William Heinemann.
    92. Bion, W. R. (1965) Transformations. London: William Heinemann.
    93. Bion, W. R. (1970) Attention and Interpretation. London: Tavistock.
    94. Bion, W. R. (1985) All My Sins Remembered, ed. Francesca Bion. Adingdon: Fleetwood Press.
    95. Bird, B. (1972) Notes on transference. JAPA, 20.
    96. Blanck, G. & Blanck, R. (1974) Ego Psychology. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
    97. Blatt, S. J. (1974) Levels of object representation in anaclitic and introjective depression. PSOC, 29.
    98. Blau, A. (1955) A unitary hypothesis of emotion. PQ, 24.
    99. Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias. New York: Int. Univ. Press, 1951.
    100. Blos, P. (1954) Prolonged adolescence. Amer. J. Orthopsychiat., 24.
    101. Blos, P. (1962) On Adolescence. New York: Free Press.
    102. Blos, P. (1972) The epigenesia of the adult neurosis. 27.
    103. Blos, P. (1979) Modification in the traditional psychoanalytic theory of adolescent development. Adolescent Psychiat., 8.
    104. Blos, P. (1984) Son and father. JAPA_. 32.
    105. Blum, G. S. (1963) Prepuberty and adolescence, In Studies ed. R. E. Grinder. New York: McMillan.
    106. Blum, H. P. Symbolism. FMC. Forthcoming.
    107. Blum, H. P. (1976) Female Psychology. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    108. Blum, H. P. (1976) Masochism, the ego ideal and the psychology of women. JAPA, 24 (suppl.).
    109. Blum, H. P. (1980) The value of reconstruction in adult psychoanalysis. IJP, 61.
    110. Blum, H. P. (1981) Forbidden quest and the analytic ideal. PQ, 50.
    111. Blum, H. P. (1983) Defense and resistance. Foreword. JAFA, 31.
    112. Blum, H. P., Kramer, Y., Richards, A. K. & Richards, A. D., eds. (1988) Fantasy, Myth and Reality: Essays in Honor of Jacob A. Arlow. Madison, Conn.: Int. Univ. Press.
    113. Boehm, F. (1930) The femininity-complex In men. IJP,11.
    114. Boesky, D. Structural theory. PMC. Forthcoming.
    115. Boesky, D. (1973) Deja raconte as a screen defense. PQ, 42.
    116. Boesky, D. (1982) Acting out. IJP, 63.
    117. Boesky, D. (1986) Questions about Sublimation In Psychoanalysis the Science of Mental Conflict, ed. A. D. Richards & M. S. Willick. Hillsdale, N. J.: Analytic Press.
    118. Bornstein, B. (1935) Phobia in a 2 1/2-year-old child. PQ, 4.
    119. Bornstein, B. (1951) On latency. PSOC, 6.
    120. Bornstein, M., ed. (1983) Values and neutrality in psychoanalysis. Psychoanal. Inquiry, 3.
    121. Bowlby, J. (1960) Grief and morning in infancy and early childhood. PSOC. 15.
    122. Bowlby, J. (1961) Process of mourning. IJP. 42.
    123. Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and Loss, vol. 3. New York: Basic Books.
    124. Bradlow, P. A. (1973) Depersonalization, ego splitting, non-human fantasy and shame. IJP, 54.
    125. Brazelton, T. B., Kozlowsky, B. & Main, M. (1974) The early motherinfant interaction. In: The Effect of the Infant on Its Caregiver, ed. M. Lewis & L. Rosenblum New York Wiley.
    126. Brenner, C. (1957) The nature and development of the concept of repression in Freud's writings. PSOC, 12.
    127. Brenner, C. (1959) The masochistic character. JAPA, 7.
    128. Brenner, C. (1973) An Elementary Textbook of Psycho-analysis. New York Int. Univ. Press.
    129. Brenner, C. (1974) On the nature and development of affects PQ, 43.
    130. Brenner, C. (1976) Psychoanalytic Technique and Psychic Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    131. Brenner, C. (1979) The Mind in Conflict. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    132. Brenner, C. (1979) Working alliance, therapeutic alliance and transference. JAPA, 27.
    133. Brenner, C. (1981) Defense and defense mechanisms. PQ, 50.
    134. Brenner, C. (1983) Defense. In: the Mind in Conflict. New York Int. Univ. Press.
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    896. Wolf, E. S. (1983) Empathy and countertransference. In: The Future of Psychoanalysis, ed. A. Coldberg. New York: Int. Univ. Press.
    897. Wolf, E. S. (1984) Disruptions in the psychoanalytic treatment of disorders of the self. In: Kohut's Legacy, ed. P. Stepansky & A. Coldberg, Hillsdale, H. J.: Analytic Press, 1984.
    898. Wolf, E. S. (1984) Selfobject relations disorders. In: Character Pathology, ed. M. Zales. New York: Bruner/Mazel.
    899. Wolf, E. S. & Trosman, H. (1974) Freud and Popper-Lynkeus. JAPA, 22.
    900. Wolfenstein, M. (1966) How is mourning possible? PSOC, 21.
    901. Wolman, B. B. ed. (1977) The International Encyclopedia of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis, and Neurology. New York: Aesculapius.
    902. Wolpert, E. A. (1980) Major affective disorders. In: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, ed. H. I. Kaplan, A. M. Freedman & B. J. Saddock. Boston: Williams & Wilkins, vol. 2.
    903. Wurmser, L. (1977) A defense of the use of metaphor in analytic theory formation. PQ, 46.
    904. Wurmser, L. (1981) The Mask of Shame. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press.
    905. Zetzel, E. R. (1956) Current concepts of transference. TJP, 37.

    Словарь психоаналитических терминов и понятий > БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

  • 14 F94.0

    рус Элективный мутизм
    eng Elective mutism. Characterized by a marked, emotionally determined selectivity in speaking, such that the child demonstrates a language competence in some situations but fails to speak in other (definable) situations. The disorder is usually associated with marked personality features involving social anxiety, withdrawal, sensitivity, or resistance. Selective mutism. (Excludes: ) pervasive developmental disorders ( F84.-), schizophrenia ( F20.-), specific developmental disorders of speech and language ( F80.-), transient mutism as part of separation anxiety in young children ( F93.0)

    Classification of Diseases (English-Russian) > F94.0

  • 15 اضطراب

    اِضْطِرَاب \ agitation: being agitated; agitating. confusion: disorder; misunderstanding: The thieves left the room in a state of confusion. There was some confusion about the time of meeting; that’s why I was late. disorder: lack of order: My accounts were in disorder. disturbance: sth. that disturbs the public peace: Some students caused a disturbance in the street. mess: a state of dirt or disorder; confusion: Tell the boys to clear up the mess in this room. It’s in a terrible mess. Your accounts are in a mess, you’ll have to organize them properly. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. uproar: loud confused activity or noise made by excited people, etc.. upset: an act of upsetting: the complete upset of all our plans; a stomach upset. \ See Also فوضى (فَوْضَى)‏ \ اِضْطِرَاب عصبيّ \ nerves: fear, anxiety, excitement: He suffers from nerves (where no adjective is given, weak nerves are meant).

    Arabic-English dictionary > اضطراب

  • 16 Creativity

       Put in this bald way, these aims sound utopian. How utopian they areor rather, how imminent their realization-depends on how broadly or narrowly we interpret the term "creative." If we are willing to regard all human complex problem solving as creative, then-as we will point out-successful programs for problem solving mechanisms that simulate human problem solvers already exist, and a number of their general characteristics are known. If we reserve the term "creative" for activities like discovery of the special theory of relativity or the composition of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony, then no example of a creative mechanism exists at the present time. (Simon, 1979, pp. 144-145)
       Among the questions that can now be given preliminary answers in computational terms are the following: how can ideas from very different sources be spontaneously thought of together? how can two ideas be merged to produce a new structure, which shows the influence of both ancestor ideas without being a mere "cut-and-paste" combination? how can the mind be "primed," so that one will more easily notice serendipitous ideas? why may someone notice-and remember-something fairly uninteresting, if it occurs in an interesting context? how can a brief phrase conjure up an entire melody from memory? and how can we accept two ideas as similar ("love" and "prove" as rhyming, for instance) in respect of a feature not identical in both? The features of connectionist AI models that suggest answers to these questions are their powers of pattern completion, graceful degradation, sensitization, multiple constraint satisfaction, and "best-fit" equilibration.... Here, the important point is that the unconscious, "insightful," associative aspects of creativity can be explained-in outline, at least-by AI methods. (Boden, 1996, p. 273)
       There thus appears to be an underlying similarity in the process involved in creative innovation and social independence, with common traits and postures required for expression of both behaviors. The difference is one of product-literary, musical, artistic, theoretical products on the one hand, opinions on the other-rather than one of process. In both instances the individual must believe that his perceptions are meaningful and valid and be willing to rely upon his own interpretations. He must trust himself sufficiently that even when persons express opinions counter to his own he can proceed on the basis of his own perceptions and convictions. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 58)
       he average level of ego strength and emotional stability is noticeably higher among creative geniuses than among the general population, though it is possibly lower than among men of comparable intelligence and education who go into administrative and similar positions. High anxiety and excitability appear common (e.g. Priestley, Darwin, Kepler) but full-blown neurosis is quite rare. (Cattell & Butcher, 1970, p. 315)
       he insight that is supposed to be required for such work as discovery turns out to be synonymous with the familiar process of recognition; and other terms commonly used in the discussion of creative work-such terms as "judgment," "creativity," or even "genius"-appear to be wholly dispensable or to be definable, as insight is, in terms of mundane and well-understood concepts. (Simon, 1989, p. 376)
       From the sketch material still in existence, from the condition of the fragments, and from the autographs themselves we can draw definite conclusions about Mozart's creative process. To invent musical ideas he did not need any stimulation; they came to his mind "ready-made" and in polished form. In contrast to Beethoven, who made numerous attempts at shaping his musical ideas until he found the definitive formulation of a theme, Mozart's first inspiration has the stamp of finality. Any Mozart theme has completeness and unity; as a phenomenon it is a Gestalt. (Herzmann, 1964, p. 28)
       Great artists enlarge the limits of one's perception. Looking at the world through the eyes of Rembrandt or Tolstoy makes one able to perceive aspects of truth about the world which one could not have achieved without their aid. Freud believed that science was adaptive because it facilitated mastery of the external world; but was it not the case that many scientific theories, like works of art, also originated in phantasy? Certainly, reading accounts of scientific discovery by men of the calibre of Einstein compelled me to conclude that phantasy was not merely escapist, but a way of reaching new insights concerning the nature of reality. Scientific hypotheses require proof; works of art do not. Both are concerned with creating order, with making sense out of the world and our experience of it. (Storr, 1993, p. xii)
       The importance of self-esteem for creative expression appears to be almost beyond disproof. Without a high regard for himself the individual who is working in the frontiers of his field cannot trust himself to discriminate between the trivial and the significant. Without trust in his own powers the person seeking improved solutions or alternative theories has no basis for distinguishing the significant and profound innovation from the one that is merely different.... An essential component of the creative process, whether it be analysis, synthesis, or the development of a new perspective or more comprehensive theory, is the conviction that one's judgment in interpreting the events is to be trusted. (Coopersmith, 1967, p. 59)
       In the daily stream of thought these four different stages [preparation; incubation; illumination or inspiration; and verification] constantly overlap each other as we explore different problems. An economist reading a Blue Book, a physiologist watching an experiment, or a business man going through his morning's letters, may at the same time be "incubating" on a problem which he proposed to himself a few days ago, be accumulating knowledge in "preparation" for a second problem, and be "verifying" his conclusions to a third problem. Even in exploring the same problem, the mind may be unconsciously incubating on one aspect of it, while it is consciously employed in preparing for or verifying another aspect. (Wallas, 1926, p. 81)
       he basic, bisociative pattern of the creative synthesis [is] the sudden interlocking of two previously unrelated skills, or matrices of thought. (Koestler, 1964, p. 121)
        11) The Earliest Stages in the Creative Process Involve a Commerce with Disorder
       Even to the creator himself, the earliest effort may seem to involve a commerce with disorder. For the creative order, which is an extension of life, is not an elaboration of the established, but a movement beyond the established, or at least a reorganization of it and often of elements not included in it. The first need is therefore to transcend the old order. Before any new order can be defined, the absolute power of the established, the hold upon us of what we know and are, must be broken. New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive that world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." (Ghiselin, 1985, p. 4)
       New life comes always from outside our world, as we commonly conceive our world. This is the reason why, in order to invent, one must yield to the indeterminate within him, or, more precisely, to certain illdefined impulses which seem to be of the very texture of the ungoverned fullness which John Livingston Lowes calls "the surging chaos of the unexpressed." Chaos and disorder are perhaps the wrong terms for that indeterminate fullness and activity of the inner life. For it is organic, dynamic, full of tension and tendency. What is absent from it, except in the decisive act of creation, is determination, fixity, and commitment to one resolution or another of the whole complex of its tensions. (Ghiselin, 1952, p. 13)
       [P]sychoanalysts have principally been concerned with the content of creative products, and with explaining content in terms of the artist's infantile past. They have paid less attention to examining why the artist chooses his particular activity to express, abreact or sublimate his emotions. In short, they have not made much distinction between art and neurosis; and, since the former is one of the blessings of mankind, whereas the latter is one of the curses, it seems a pity that they should not be better differentiated....
       Psychoanalysis, being fundamentally concerned with drive and motive, might have been expected to throw more light upon what impels the creative person that in fact it has. (Storr, 1993, pp. xvii, 3)
       A number of theoretical approaches were considered. Associative theory, as developed by Mednick (1962), gained some empirical support from the apparent validity of the Remote Associates Test, which was constructed on the basis of the theory.... Koestler's (1964) bisociative theory allows more complexity to mental organization than Mednick's associative theory, and postulates "associative contexts" or "frames of reference." He proposed that normal, non-creative, thought proceeds within particular contexts or frames and that the creative act involves linking together previously unconnected frames.... Simonton (1988) has developed associative notions further and explored the mathematical consequences of chance permutation of ideas....
       Like Koestler, Gruber (1980; Gruber and Davis, 1988) has based his analysis on case studies. He has focused especially on Darwin's development of the theory of evolution. Using piagetian notions, such as assimilation and accommodation, Gruber shows how Darwin's system of ideas changed very slowly over a period of many years. "Moments of insight," in Gruber's analysis, were the culminations of slow long-term processes.... Finally, the information-processing approach, as represented by Simon (1966) and Langley et al. (1987), was considered.... [Simon] points out the importance of good problem representations, both to ensure search is in an appropriate problem space and to aid in developing heuristic evaluations of possible research directions.... The work of Langley et al. (1987) demonstrates how such search processes, realized in computer programs, can indeed discover many basic laws of science from tables of raw data.... Boden (1990a, 1994) has stressed the importance of restructuring the problem space in creative work to develop new genres and paradigms in the arts and sciences. (Gilhooly, 1996, pp. 243-244; emphasis in original)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Creativity

  • 17 agitation

    اِضْطِرَاب \ agitation: being agitated; agitating. confusion: disorder; misunderstanding: The thieves left the room in a state of confusion. There was some confusion about the time of meeting; that’s why I was late. disorder: lack of order: My accounts were in disorder. disturbance: sth. that disturbs the public peace: Some students caused a disturbance in the street. mess: a state of dirt or disorder; confusion: Tell the boys to clear up the mess in this room. It’s in a terrible mess. Your accounts are in a mess, you’ll have to organize them properly. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. uproar: loud confused activity or noise made by excited people, etc.. upset: an act of upsetting: the complete upset of all our plans; a stomach upset. \ See Also فوضى (فَوْضَى)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > agitation

  • 18 confusion

    اِضْطِرَاب \ agitation: being agitated; agitating. confusion: disorder; misunderstanding: The thieves left the room in a state of confusion. There was some confusion about the time of meeting; that’s why I was late. disorder: lack of order: My accounts were in disorder. disturbance: sth. that disturbs the public peace: Some students caused a disturbance in the street. mess: a state of dirt or disorder; confusion: Tell the boys to clear up the mess in this room. It’s in a terrible mess. Your accounts are in a mess, you’ll have to organize them properly. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. uproar: loud confused activity or noise made by excited people, etc.. upset: an act of upsetting: the complete upset of all our plans; a stomach upset. \ See Also فوضى (فَوْضَى)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > confusion

  • 19 disturbance

    اِضْطِرَاب \ agitation: being agitated; agitating. confusion: disorder; misunderstanding: The thieves left the room in a state of confusion. There was some confusion about the time of meeting; that’s why I was late. disorder: lack of order: My accounts were in disorder. disturbance: sth. that disturbs the public peace: Some students caused a disturbance in the street. mess: a state of dirt or disorder; confusion: Tell the boys to clear up the mess in this room. It’s in a terrible mess. Your accounts are in a mess, you’ll have to organize them properly. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. uproar: loud confused activity or noise made by excited people, etc.. upset: an act of upsetting: the complete upset of all our plans; a stomach upset. \ See Also فوضى (فَوْضَى)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > disturbance

  • 20 mess

    اِضْطِرَاب \ agitation: being agitated; agitating. confusion: disorder; misunderstanding: The thieves left the room in a state of confusion. There was some confusion about the time of meeting; that’s why I was late. disorder: lack of order: My accounts were in disorder. disturbance: sth. that disturbs the public peace: Some students caused a disturbance in the street. mess: a state of dirt or disorder; confusion: Tell the boys to clear up the mess in this room. It’s in a terrible mess. Your accounts are in a mess, you’ll have to organize them properly. uneasiness: anxiety; discomfort. unrest: discontent; restlessness: The fear of unemployment causes social unrest. uproar: loud confused activity or noise made by excited people, etc.. upset: an act of upsetting: the complete upset of all our plans; a stomach upset. \ See Also فوضى (فَوْضَى)‏

    Arabic-English glossary > mess

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